Choosing between RTD or Thermocouple for an Industrial Application

When to Use an RTD Sensor?

Advantages of RTD Sensors

Disadvantages of RTD sensors

Thermocouples

When to Use a Thermocouple Sensor?

Advantages of Thermocouples

Disadvantages of Thermocouples

RTD or Thermocouple

 

Temperature measurement is an important aspect of process control and industrial applications. RTD (Resistance Temperature Detectors) and Thermocouples are two types of temperature sensors commonly used in various industries. Both these types of sensors can possibly provide accurate temperature measurements, but the selection between RTD or Thermocouple depends on various factors such as accuracy, temperature range, cost, and application requirements. RTD and Thermocouple sensors work on different principles of operation, which results in differences in their accuracy, response time, and range of temperature measurement.

RTDs

RTD sensors are made of one metal (that is typically platinum/nickel/copper) with a known temperature-resistance relationship. The resistance of the metal changes as temperature changes, and this change in resistance is measured by an external circuit to determine the temperature. RTD sensors provide high accuracy (typically ±0.1°C), and their temperature range can be from -200°C to 850°C, depending on the type of metal used. 

When to Use an RTD Sensor?

RTD sensors are ideal for applications that require high accuracy and stability over a wide range of temperatures. They are commonly used in applications such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace industries. RTDs are also suitable for applications where a high degree of repeatability and reliability is required, and where long-term stability is significant.

Advantages of RTD Sensors

  • High accuracy: They provide a high level of accuracy, typically ±0.1°C.
  • Stability: RTDs have excellent long-term stability and repeatability, making them suitable for applications that require high accuracy over long periods of time.
  • Linear response: Such sensors have a linear response to changes in temperature, making them easier to calibrate and more accurate over a wide range of temperatures.
  • Low drift: RTDs have a low drift, meaning that the accuracy of the sensor does not change significantly over time.
  • Wide temperature range: They can measure temperatures from -200°C to 850°C, depending on the type of metal used.

Disadvantages of RTD sensors

  • Cost: RTDs are generally more expensive than thermocouples.
  • Slow response time: These sensors have a slower response time than thermocouples, making them unsuitable for applications that require fast response times.
  • Fragility: Such sensors are more fragile than thermocouples and can be easily damaged if mishandled.

Thermocouples

Unlike RTDs, Thermocouples are made of two different metals (typically chromel & alumel) that produce a voltage when exposed to a temperature difference. The magnitude of the voltage is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermocouple. Thermocouples are less accurate than RTD sensors, with an accuracy typically ranging from ±1 to ±10°C. However, they have a wider temperature range of -200°C to 2300°C.

When to Use a Thermocouple Sensor?

Thermocouples are suitable for applications that require a wide range of temperature measurement and fast response times. They are commonly used in applications such as HVAC systems, industrial furnaces, and laboratory experiments. Thermocouples are also suitable for applications where the sensors need to be small and where a low cost is essential.

Advantages of Thermocouples

  • Wide temperature range: They can measure temperatures from -200°C to 2300°C, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
  • Fast response time: Thermocouples have a fast response time, making them suitable for applications that require fast temperature measurement.
  • Cost: They are generally less expensive than RTD sensors.
  • Durability: These are more durable than RTD sensors and can withstand rough handling and harsh environments.

Disadvantages of Thermocouples

  • Lower accuracy: The accuracy of thermocouples is generally lower than that of RTDs, typically ranging from ±1 to ±10°C, depending on the type of thermocouple.
  • Non-linearity: The output voltage of thermocouples is not linearly proportional to temperature, which can make calibration and accurate measurement difficult, especially at lower temperatures.
  • Drift: The output of thermocouples can drift over time, which can affect their accuracy and require frequent recalibration.
  • Limited lifespan: The lifespan of thermocouples is generally shorter than that of RTDs due to their construction and the effects of aging.
  • Signal interference: The output of thermocouples can be affected by electromagnetic interference from nearby electrical equipment or wiring, which can affect the accuracy of measurements.

RTD or Thermocouple

While selecting between RTD or Thermocouple during the lookout for an appropriate temperature sensor depends on various factors such as the accuracy required, temperature range, response time, and cost. Both RTDs and thermocouples have their advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to consider these factors when selecting the appropriate sensor for a particular application. 

Come to Heatcon for Procuring the Best Range of Such Products 

If you are looking for an RTD or Thermocouple, Heatcon can be the best place for you to make such a selection for the appropriate sensor for a specific industrial application.